As the British royals welcomed U.S. President Donald Trump to Windsor Castle for his much-ballyhooed second state visit, the hazy concept of soft diplomacy came into sharp focus.
The invitation was sent by King Charles, but the request and the strategy came from British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, a man on his back foot trying to secure trade gains from a capricious administration.
The rules of engagement in Trump-era politics change from moment to moment. But the British royal family, famously apolitical and non-partisan, can fall back on its thousand-year heritage and put on a pomp-filled display. In this mission, they had a secret weapon: The charismatic power-forward lineup of the Prince and Princess of Wales, whose public approval ratings sit at 71 per cent and 72 per cent respectively.

Catherine, Princess of Wales and Prince William greet U.S. President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump as they arrive for their state visit to the UK.
Ian Vogler/WPA Pool/Getty ImagesSince Kate announced her remission from cancer in January, she has been taking on more royal duties. But during this state visit she was front and centre, and her star wattage was off the charts.
Trump is thought to have said 鈥渟o beautiful鈥 to Kate when she and William greeted him and Melania at their helicopter, before escorting them to see the King and Queen.
Later, at the state banquet, Trump was seated next to Kate, who put the tiara in 鈥渢iara diplomacy,鈥 wearing the Cambridge Lover鈥檚 Knot.

Donald Trump looks up at the Princess of Wales as she takes her seat for the state banquet.
AP Photo/Evan VucciShe was regal but demure in a聽gold lace Phillipa Lepley coat and gown, long-sleeved and high-necked like her wedding dress from 2011 and perhaps an armour of sorts, considering her seatmate.
In his speech at the banquet, Trump described Kate as 鈥渟o radiant, so healthy, it鈥檚 so beautiful.鈥 It is not generally seen as appropriate to comment on how healthy a woman who has just publicly battled cancer looks, but also Trump predictably missed the point of Catherine, Princess of Wales.

U.S. President Donald Trump speaks to Catherine, Princess of Wales as he delivers his speech during the state banquet.
Yui Mok/WPA Pool/Getty ImagesHer true mastery is not her beauty or her style; it鈥檚 that she intrinsically understands the protocol and public-relations intricacies of being a modern member of the royal family, especially one who is destined to become queen. And how she navigates them with ease.
The whole mood of the state visit shifted when Kate took Melania to Frogmore Cottage grounds on Thursday to meet a scout troop (actually a squirrel troop, in the British designation). Kate, in her element as host, set a tone.

Catherine, Princess of Wales, and U.S. First Lady Melania Trump聽arrive to meet members of the Scouts’ Squirrels program on the grounds of Frogmore Cottage.
Yui Mok/WPA Pool/Getty ImagesYes, her outfit 鈥 by the American heritage designer Ralph Lauren, as was Melania鈥檚 鈥 was impeccable: an olive suede jacket and blouse worn with a bow-tied scarf from her visit to a heritage textile mill a fortnight before.
But the resulting photos of her and Melania playing with children, in which the typically unsmiling first lady appeared uncharacteristically relaxed 鈥 infused a genuine softness to the entire visit.
The women offered the kids a snack made with honey from Kate鈥檚 Anmer Hall home, and jars of honey that Melania had brought from the White House. Forget tiara diplomacy; honey diplomacy is where it鈥檚 at now.

Catherine, Princess of Wales, and U.S. first lady Melania Trump play with children of the Scouts division “Squirrels.”聽
Nathan Howard - WPA Pool/Getty ImagesReactions to the visit from pundits and British subjects were mixed. Some thought the royals were flawless in their displays of pageantry, doing their duty to woo the pomp-loving Americans鈥 favour. But many felt the royals 鈥渋ndulged鈥 and 鈥渇lattered鈥 Trump with gilded carriages, cannon salutes and fly-bys. A recent YouGov poll of Britons found that 45 per cent of the population was against a second state visit for Trump.
In the particularly scathing words of Daily Beast European Editor Tom Sykes: 鈥淚t was not a welcome; it was a deliberate performative subservience.鈥
The Guardian conceded that 鈥渋n this new era minimizing damage and buying time look like wins鈥 but concluded the 鈥渁bsurd deference only makes Britain look smaller.鈥
Soft diplomacy is often cited as the main reason for the monarchy鈥檚 continued existence, and this is especially important to the King. 鈥淢r. Trump鈥檚 Windsor welcome will be a boost to royal relevance, too, a showcase for the international statesmanship of Charles,鈥 wrote Tina Brown, author of 鈥淭he Palace Papers鈥 in the New York Times. 鈥淐harles may be the last man standing who can exude global gravitas in the dumpster fire of our digitally dominated world.鈥
Charles has had a long time to learn soft diplomacy. His grandparents set a steady-handed example for Britons during the Blitz, riding out the war in central London. Queen Elizabeth II made the Commonwealth the focus of her 70-year reign; as countries achieved independence from colonial rule, she stitched them together as a block of nations with a joined voice. One of her soft diplomacy highlights was welcoming Nelson Mandela for a state visit in 1996.
When Charles acceded to the throne, there were concerns his prior outspokenness 鈥 on environmental issues, on food additive safety, against modern architecture 鈥 might hamper the hidden gears of soft diplomacy. Indeed, in 2019 at the last Trump state visit, he still thought there may be a way to reach the American president with a climate change message. But he has become, as Brown observed, a sovereign who follows the rules.

Catherine, Princess of Wales and Queen Camilla chat with U.S. First Lady Melania Trump at the beginning of a state visit at Windsor Castle.
Aaron Chown/WPA Pool/Getty ImagesHowever it鈥檚 Kate,聽who almost never puts a foot wrong despite the spotlight鈥檚 intense glare, who鈥檚 the real ringer in the royal family鈥檚 soft diplomacy team. William, who has also received Trump鈥檚 stamp of approval, having been called 鈥渉andsome,鈥 is a close second.
Kate has always been good at curating imagery for both sides of her job. She gives us epic gowns and tiaras for formal appearances and seamlessly takes on casual royal duties in crisp business daywear or outdoorsy or sporty gear.
It鈥檚 not a reduction to discuss the princess鈥檚 work in terms of fashion diplomacy. She is often seen but not heard, so she speaks with her clothes, even though the palace no longer publishes details of her outfits, in order to keep the focus on the organizations her engagements highlight. Like her mother-in-law Princess Diana before her, Kate understands that visual presentation is part of the ephemeral magic of the royalty, the X-factor.
The glittering banquets, the medieval suits of armour, the hot and cold running butlers and the soldiers with absurdly tall hats are only effective tools in our modern world if the people with the titles and tiaras have star power.
The cameras love who they love. People respond to the brightest light in any room. Soft diplomacy cannot function without charm; gilded tchotchkes alone don鈥檛 cut it. It seems to have worked on Trump: he called the visit 鈥渙ne of the highest honours of my life.鈥
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