U.S. District Judge Paula Xinis is the latest judge at odds with the Trump administration.
In , she characterized the government as acting in 鈥渂ad faith鈥 by refusing to provide information about what it has done to try to free from a prison in El Salvador, where he was and return him to the United States.
On the federal bench for nearly a decade, Xinis has experienced partisan pushback since her nomination by Democratic President Barack Obama. She also was accused of being too tough on law enforcement during earlier legal work for a police oversight office.
A look at who Xinis is and some of the other cases she’s been involved in:
She’s overseeing the Abrego Garcia case
Earlier this month, Xinis ordered the administration to 鈥渇acilitate鈥 Abrego Garcia’s return. That decision was , although the justices said her order needed to be clarified to make sure it did not intrude upon executive branch power over foreign affairs.
鈥淭he order properly requires the Government to 鈥榝acilitate鈥 Abrego Garcia鈥檚 release from custody in El Salvador and to ensure that his case is handled as it would have been had he not been improperly sent to El Salvador,鈥 the court said.
The administration conceded it made a mistake in sending Abrego Garcia to El Salvador. But it argued that it no longer could do anything about trying to bring him back. Officials have claimed Abrego Garcia is a member of the MS-13 gang, though he has never been charged with or convicted of a crime. His lawyers have said there is no evidence that he is a member of MS-13 or any gang.
Last week, Xinis said that she would by administration officials to determine whether they complied with her orders to facilitate Abrego Garcia’s return. She said officials had defied a 鈥渃lear鈥 and that White House officials and El Salvador鈥檚 president, in saying they were unable to bring him back, were like 鈥渢wo very misguided ships passing in the night.鈥
She’s ruled in another high-profile immigration case
In 2020, Xinis issued a preliminary injunction halting portions of immigration rules enacted under the first Trump administration that would have limited people seeking asylum in the U.S. from being able to obtain authorization to work.
Another court subsequently vacated the rules entirely, and the lawsuit was dismissed.
She had a contentious confirmation process
Obama nominated Xinis in March 2015 to the federal bench in Maryland, where the courts had declared a 鈥渏udicial emergency鈥 due to the number of pending cases. The seat had been vacant since October 2014, with the Senate slowing its approval of judges nominated by a president of the opposing party in the later months of a president鈥檚 final year in office.
Xinis won support from Republican leaders, including the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Sen. Charles Grassley of Iowa, and then-Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky. But some conservatives felt Xinis was too tough on law enforcement in her legal career. They cited her record as an examiner for the Office of Police Complaints in Washington, a civilian oversight entity.
Her confirmation came shortly after then-Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Ala., had noted that her law firm had represented the family of Freddie Gray, who died a year earlier after his neck was broken while he was handcuffed and shackled in the back of a Baltimore police van. Gray鈥檚 death prompted riots in that city, and his case has been frequently mentioned in the national conversation about police brutality.
鈥淪he has built a career in dealing with lawsuits against police and police departments and dealing with complaints against the police,鈥 Sessions said, adding that the frequency with which she ruled against the police made him uneasy.
She has public and private sector law experience
Xinis was born in Mineola, New York, graduated from the University of Virginia and went to Yale Law School. She clerked for Judge Diana Gribbon Motz on the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. She was an assistant federal public defender in Maryland and adjunct professor at the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law.
Xinis practiced with the Baltimore firm of Murphy Falcon & Murphy, according to with the federal courts system, and handled complex civil actions and other matters in state and federal court.
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