In his speech before the U.N. General Assembly, President Donald Trump promoted a second-term talking point about his efforts to settle multiple conflicts around the world.
鈥淚n a period of just seven months, I have ended seven unendable wars. They said they were unendable.鈥 he said Tuesday, repeating a claim he frequently makes.
Trump has helped with mediations but experts say his impact is not as clear-cut as he portrays.
Here鈥檚 a closer look:
Israel and Iran
Trump is credited with ending the 12-day war.
In June, Israel on the heart of Iran鈥檚 nuclear program and military leadership, saying it wanted to stop Tehran from building a nuclear weapon. Iran has denied it was trying to do that.
Trump negotiated a ceasefire after directing American warplanes to strike Iran鈥檚 Fordo, Isfahan and Natanz nuclear sites.
Evelyn Farkas, executive director of Arizona State University鈥檚 McCain Institute, said Trump should get credit for ending the war.
鈥淭here鈥檚 always a chance it could flare up again if Iran restarts its nuclear weapons program, but nonetheless, they were engaged in a hot war with one another,鈥 she said. 鈥淎nd it didn鈥檛 have any real end in sight before President Trump got involved and gave them an ultimatum.鈥
Lawrence Haas, a senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the American Foreign Policy Council who is an expert on Israel-Iran tensions, agreed the U.S. was instrumental in securing the ceasefire. But he characterized it as a 鈥渢emporary respite鈥 from the ongoing 鈥渄ay-to-day cold war鈥 between the two countries that often involves flare-ups.
Egypt and Ethiopia
This could be described as tensions at best, and peace efforts, which do not directly involve the United States, have stalled.
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile River has caused friction among Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan since the power-generating project was announced more than a decade ago. In July, Ethiopia . It was .
Egypt and Sudan oppose the dam. Although the vast majority of the water that flows down the Nile originates in Ethiopia, Egyptian agriculture relies on the river almost entirely. Sudan fears flooding and wants to protect its own power-generating dams.
During his first term, Trump between Ethiopia and Egypt. He could not get the countries to agree and suspended aid to Ethiopia over the dispute. In July, he posted on Truth Social that he helped the 鈥渇ight over the massive dam (and) there is peace at least for now.鈥 But the disagreement persists, and negotiations between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan have stalled.
鈥淚t would be a gross overstatement to say that these countries are at war,鈥 Haas said. 鈥淚 mean, they鈥檙e just not.鈥
India and Pakistan
The April in Indian-controlled Kashmir closer to war than they had been in years, but a ceasefire was reached.
Trump has claimed that the U.S. brokered the ceasefire, which he said came about in part because he offered trade concessions. Pakistan thanked Trump, recommending him for the Nobel Peace Prize. India has denied Trump鈥檚 claims, saying there was no conversation between the U.S. and India on trade in regards to the ceasefire.
Although India played down the Trump administration鈥檚 role in the ceasefire, Haas and Farkas believe the U.S. deserves some credit for helping stop the fighting.
鈥淚 think that President Trump played a constructive role from all accounts, but it may not have been decisive. And again, I鈥檓 not sure whether you would define that as a full-blown war,鈥 Farkas said.
Serbia and Kosovo
The White House lists the conflict between these countries as one Trump resolved. But there has been no threat of a war between the two neighbors during Trump鈥檚 second term or any significant contribution from the Republican president this year to improve their relations.
Kosovo is a former Serbian province that declared independence in 2008. Tensions have persisted since, but never to the point of war, mostly because NATO-led peacekeepers have been deployed in Kosovo, which has been recognized by more than 100 countries.
During his first term, Trump between Serbia and Kosovo, but much of what was agreed on was never carried out.
Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Trump has played a key role in peace efforts between the African neighbors, but he is hardly alone and the conflict is far from over.
Eastern Congo, rich in minerals, has been battered by fighting with more than 100 armed groups. The most potent is the M23 rebel group. It is backed by neighboring Rwanda, which claims it is protecting its territorial interests and that some of those who participated in the fled to Congo and are working with the Congolese army.
The Trump administration鈥檚 efforts paid off in June, when the Congolese and Rwandan foreign ministers at the White House. The M23, however, was not directly involved in the U.S.-facilitated negotiations and said it could not abide by the terms of an agreement that did not involve it.
The final step to peace was meant to be that would bring about a permanent ceasefire. There have been no between Congo and M23 on the final terms.
Armenia and Azerbaijan
In August, Trump at the White House, where they signed a deal aimed at ending a decades-long conflict. Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan called the signed document a 鈥渟ignificant milestone.鈥 Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev hailed Trump for performing 鈥渁 miracle.鈥
The agreements were intended to reopen key transportation routes and reaffirm Armenia鈥檚 and Azerbaijan鈥檚 commitment to signing a peace treaty. The treaty鈥檚 text was initialed by the countries鈥 foreign ministers at that meeting, which indicated preliminary approval. But the two countries have yet to sign and ratify the deal.
Armenia and Azerbaijan have been in a bitter conflict over territory since the early 1990s, when ethnic Armenian forces took control of the Karabakh province, known internationally as Nagorno-Karabakh, and nearby territories. In 2020, Azerbaijan鈥檚 military recaptured broad swaths of territory. Russia brokered a truce and deployed about 2,000 peacekeepers to the region.
In September 2023, Azerbaijani forces launched a lightning blitz to retake remaining portions. The two countries have worked toward normalizing ties and signing a peace treaty ever since.
Cambodia and Thailand
Officials from Thailand and Cambodia credit Trump with pushing the Asian neighbors to agree to a ceasefire in this summer鈥檚 brief border conflict.
Cambodia and Thailand clashed in the past over their shared border. The latest fighting began in July after a wounded five Thai soldiers. Tensions had been growing since May, when a Cambodian soldier was killed in a confrontation that created a diplomatic rift and .
Both countries agreed in late July to an unconditional ceasefire during a meeting in Malaysia.
Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim pressed for the pact, but there was little headway until Trump intervened. Trump said on social media that he warned the Thai and Cambodian leaders that the U.S. would not move forward with trade agreements if the hostilities continued. Both countries faced economic difficulties and neither had reached tariff deals with the U.S., though most of their Southeast Asian neighbors had.
According to Ken Lohatepanont, a political analyst and University of Michigan doctoral candidate, 鈥淧resident Trump鈥檚 decision to condition a successful conclusion to these talks on a ceasefire likely played a significant role in ensuring that both sides came to the negotiating table when they did.鈥
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Associated Press reporters Melissa Goldin, Jon Gambrell, Grant Peck, Dasha Litvinova, Fay Abuelgasim, Rajesh Roy, and Dusan Stojanovic contributed to this report.
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